当然这仅仅代表AMD显卡来说，NVIDIA显卡情况可能又. Then a feature comparison is made between the capabilities of OpenGL and Direct3D. But, I guess that's just a personal opinion. However, experts agree that a main difference between PMS and PMDD is the severity of the symptoms. Hitman. Teo Dec 3, 2016 @ 8:04am. DX 11 games suffer from low draw call limits and poor threading of GPU rendering. Even DirectX 11 already required a very complex structure to be fast. You can also filter by user tags, sort by ProtonDB rating, popularity, or user score. . The first one is Alen Ladavac, the Chief Technology Officer of Croteam. 前言对PC玩家来说（主机平台基本软硬件都固定了），游戏流不流畅，帧数高不高首要影响因素肯定是硬件，尤其对于显卡大头来说，但是不要忘记还有一个软件层面的因素，比如说显卡驱动、游戏. For instance, for 1080P Extreme preset, I have 8788 for DirectX and 7957 for OpenGL. I actually recommend Direct3D 12 or Vulkan because they can improve performance on lower end hardware due to the lower CPU overhead. The following screenshots show examples of what you can achieve with DirectX 11 and OpenGL Core. If not, then download it. Lenovo 720S Touch 15. Ignoring hardware capabilities can lead to performance issues and compatibility problems. It's supports a mix of hardware-accelerated raster ops and software vector graphics drawing. DirectX: Platforms. 7 Days to Die > General Discussions > Topic Details. 向天再赊伍佰年. ago. And no one has to write the. Visual-Studio. 向天再赊伍佰年. GPU is: GTX1660S. OpenGL is strictly followed is the main aim that works for applications of programming interface (API) whereas being API DirectX also supports some other features which are part from API such as sound, input, music, networking as well as multimedia are supported by it. NOTE: DX11 requires Windows Vista or later and at least a DX10-level GPU (preferably. We recommend that you update to the latest Intel Graphics driver to get full API support. This article investigates the performance scalability of DirectX* 11 multithreaded rendering, discusses two basic methods for multithreaded rendering, and introduces the case of traditional. Download DirectX. Ghost Recon Breakpoint is an online tactical shooter video game developed by Ubisoft Paris and published by Ubisoft. Maxwell's asynchronous engine can. DirectX 11, Ultra level of detail, FXAA, High texture quality, built-in benchmark, 95-second Fraps recordingBetween DirectX 11 and DirectX 12, the most important difference is that DirectX 11 is a high-level API, while DirectX 12 is a low-level API. Mostly spells like lighting bolt, lightning storm, plasma field, bloodrite becoming nothing more than just dots and pixels on the screen. 35. In the DirectX Diagnostic Tool, select the System tab, then check the DirectX version under System Information. However, as Apple restricts the OpenGL version on OS X desktop to 4. DX12 is a completely different API, and is very similar to Vulkan. Unless otherwise noted, "OpenGL" refers to the OpenGL 1. DirectX: Platforms. For Windows 10 (DirectX 12) For Windows 7 (DirectX 11) For Windows Vista (DirectX 10) For Windows XP (DirectX 9) Interestingly, the name Xbox also comes from DirectX as Xbox uses the technologies introduced in DirectX. Jan 24, 2015. '}}This is the (x, y) position of the pixel in normalized coordinates in the range (-1, -1) to (1, 1). The video shows the results of occlusion testing from viewer requests and some surprises from the viewer's feedback. This option is on by default (i. Click the button in the window that appears which is labeled "Set Launch Options". To enable DirectX 11 for your game builds and the Editor, enable the Use DX11 option in Player Settings. The Editor tries to use the best OpenGL version available and all OpenGL extensions exposed by the OpenGL drivers. It's not only somewhat slower but also broken visually for most games. Quote: OpenGL is basically (sadly) broken on AMD GPUs until further notice. OpenGL has a larger community of users and developers. 5fps for Vulkan and 113. Vulkan vs. In the DirectX Diagnostic Tool, select the System tab, then check the DirectX version under System Information. For Example: DirectX being the main graphics API, but fallback to OpenGL if the user isn't using Windows. )The Microsoft DirectX® End-User Runtime installs a number of runtime libraries from the legacy DirectX SDK for some games that use D3DX9, D3DX10, D3DX11, XAudio 2. ago. The new OpenGL back-end introduces many new features (previously mostly DX11/GLES3 only):. , GL can't interact with D3D11). 1 . Maybe not directly in Net, but the availability of any number of toy GLUT based systems to test rendering techniques and ideas in is and advantage. 2) OpenGL has a lot of extensions DX doesn't. The list contains GPUs that span every possible price point from $30 entry level cards to the highest-end gaming card available at over $1000. My laptop only has an Intel HD 3000 chip in it, so OpenGL moves at the pace of a slideshow, while DX11 frequently hits a smooth 60fps depending on what is happening onscreen. The best thing you can do is to force the use of DirectX 10 for the game. If anyone is reading and looking for a performance boost on Mac OSX or is getting the complete pink screen on boot, you can add the flags "-force-glcore --noWorkshop --disableMods" or if you have a newer GPU you can run the full OpenGL 4. Nvidia cards actually run better with OpenGL, you are thinking of AMD GPU's. DirectX is a proprietary graphics API developed by Microsoft for use on the Windows operating system and is tailored specifically for PC hardware, which allows it to make use of hardware-specific features and optimizations. If you have an AMD card or an AMD APU the. ago. Dx10 lacks certain features that Dx11 has, which makes it less graphically demanding; Dx10 is the best option if you're wanting better performance, Dx11 if you want the game to look better. 13 started. 1+. My wife is trying to play &DTD with me on her gaming laptop, which is capable of playing BF4 in ultra but struggles like hell with this game. DirectX and OpenGL are just specifications that define APIs. i7 6700HQ @ 2. . The OpenGL API specification is controlled by Khronos, the DirectX API specification is controlled by Microsoft. 16 GB RAM. DirectX 11 vs DirectX 12 游戏性能测试对比视频 测试配置为GTX1066+I5-7600K+16G 1080P. #2. I use an RX Vega64 and it usually runs a couple minutes and then locks up. Discover games for sale or in your library and view their compatibility with Proton and the Steam Deck. Each of the objects in DirectX 11 needs to be defined individually (at runtime), and the next state can’t be executed until the previous one has been finalized as they require different hardware units (shaders vs ROPs, TMUs, etc). They serve as an interface between the GPU and the programming language. The GeForce. En pocas palabras, DirectX 12 es la última versión de DirectX. Because DirectX 12 bypasses any driver-based optimizations, it's no surprise that the results are slightly higher in DX 11. 9 FPS (DX 11) vs 39. In one-for-one matchups, Vulkan simply outperforms DirectX. 4万 100. Using Vulkan can result in a noticeably higher frame rate for many games, but DirectX 12 tends to provide a more stable experience. 69 milliseconds. 21 Aug 2012 by Egor Yusov. Get Blazingly Fast Performance. To enable OpenGL Core on Windows and make it the default, go to Edit > Project Settings > Player to open the Player Settings. Probably texture streaming because it tends to happen when a bunch of things are loading at once, like the start of delirium maps when you spawn a bunch of mobs. To enable OpenGL Core on Windows and make it the default, go to Edit > Project Settings > Player to open the Player Settings. 32 (0. Solid Tip: If you came here looking for DirectX 12 on a Fermi-based Nvidia card, I. Vulkan is a low-overhead, cross-platform 3D graphics and computing API. DirectX 12 isn’t just for gaming, either. See February 2023 or earlier releases of DirectX Tool Kit for the required project files. They work much better on NVIDIA cards because the NVIDIA driver forces a game's rendering into multiple threads, whereas the AMD driver doesn't. In the panel that appears, click the plus (+) button and choose OpenGLCore from the list to add it. And in the launcher should I use DirectX 11, GLCore, or Vulkan? < > Showing 61-61 of 61 comments . Benchmarks: CPU Performance. It shouldn't be a problem, it should be backwards compatible AFAIK. Learn how OpenGL 3 aims to. 1. Dramatically more stable performance with Vulkan. DirectX 12 Ultimate: Shader Model 6. Parallels Desktop 15 with DirectX support can achieve some truly remarkable results. #5. Add a comment. It seems that can optimize the command list, and send it to final pipeline. In short: OpenGL is faster than DirectX. Regarding features, both offer a rich set of functionalities but DirectX may have some exclusive or more advanced features than OpenGL. DXGI provides a common framework for future graphics components; the first component that takes advantage of DXGI is Microsoft Direct3D 10. Yes use Vulkan if there is an option since AMD hasn't updated their OpenGL implementation in a while. Adding OpenGLCore to the Graphics APIs for. #3. -force-glcore: Make the Editor use OpenGL 3/4 core profile for rendering. the name of the shader update option should change if you change the video driver. Should '-dx11', '-dx9', '-opengl' or '-gl' already be present in the command line, make sure the remove the respective entry and replace it by '-vulkan'. data. But every unity game has a output log in the <game>_Data folderEDIT: This is what I got from Wikipedia The list shows that it supports DirectX 11. yep, my game just closes itself when harvesting 3 fields. For Example: DirectX being the main graphics API, but fallback to OpenGL if the user isn't using Windows. Tried DirectX11 and GLCore but the performance is worse than just using the native port. The idea that DX would be more advanced we don't know what is in it is kind of amusing to me. 1 / 11. 6 fps, DirectX is rendering a frame in 3. The new OpenGL back-end introduces many new features (previously mostly DX11/GLES3 only): First check Dota2's DLC Settings and see is Vulkan if installed. This has been a thing since last league. DirectX is typically more hardware-intensive and is optimized for Windows-based systems. Adding OpenGLCore to the Graphics APIs for. If you do in vulkan, will run, but you will waste too much time learning it. the highest version of dx if your gpu supports it then it is recommanded instead of opengl. 18V) • CPU Coller: SilentiumPC Navis RGB 280 [ 1012RPM ]• GPU: ASUS DUAL RTX 3070 8GB G. !! !! für mehr Infos. . I'm using glcore (Linux) because Flycast runs much more smooth, despite having minor quality graphics (against to vulkan). DirectX is a nicer API, has better tooling and driver support. 2) Type dxdiag and click OK. 27. DirectX vs OpenGL. Navigate to Other Settings and un-tick Auto Graphics API for Windows. Read the full article. Network effects and vicious cycles. . Direct3D 11 In Direct3D 11, the. 优点：极大程度的发挥电脑性能，模拟器更流畅，运行速度快。. DirectX works on Windows and Xbox primarily, with other platforms, like Linux, slowly getting support. Go to File ---> Build Settings. DirectX 11 is the native graphics API for Windows. 【现代OpenGL学习分享】 4-OpenGL是右手坐标系？. !! !! für mehr Infos. If you want to attach one to a fbo, you have to create and initialize it first. -Invisible airdrop, plane, smoke (game bug raported to appear on dx9 as well) You can try dx11 for more stable fps and maybe for less lag spikes. The integrated graphics card for the Ryzen 5 3500U is a Radeon RX Vega 8 that features 512 shading units, the. parallel-n64. Ensure that it is configured to use the XMP(Intel)/DOCP(AMD. -force-d3d12. 75. Mr. DX11 is slightly better than DX11E. DirectX 11 Gaming And Multi-Core CPU Scaling. Vulkan is the clear winner, because of its low overhead and the wide support of multithreading. Secondly, DirectX is better if you can stick only to Windows. Then, to run in Vulkan, append '-vulkan' to the game's command line settings. 7, XInput 1. With the same hardware, Windows 7/OpenGL/L4D2 clocks in at 303. The DirectX 12 path on the other hand scales up moderately well from 2 to. 1. . In this section, we will discuss how both AMD and Nvidia graphics cards perform under DirectX 11 and DirectX 12, noting how each GPU vendor responds to each graphical API when used with our 4GHz i9-6850K. GL 3. DirectX: 6 Must-Know Facts. In short: OpenGL is faster than DirectX. DX11 VS Vulkan 流放之路帧数巨大优化！. "The biggest advantage that DirectX 12 brings is lower CPU overhead. The only difference is that DirectX 12 is a newer version and it has some advantages over DirectX 11. Proof that the OGL api has had better algorithms since the beginning. There is also the fact that Bethesda is now under MS so it's a given that they would want them to develop base off 12 to showcase its capabilities. I don't recall where I read that. Since its release, this game has had consistent patch updates and new content releases. I usually have pretty good fps with the other drivers but better with Vulkan but can't really use the vulkan due to the lockups. Wont help to fix your crash but GLcore renderer gives me around 10 to 20 more FPS (Radeon 480 RX) To check about GPU overheating, you can use plenty of prog, HWmonitor, OCCT, MSI afterburner. Games that use DirectX can use multimedia accelerator features built-in to your hardware more efficiently which improves your overall multimedia experience. This initial Vulkan vs. OpenGL and DirectX. OpenGL has accumulated some cruft over the years, it's very easy to use something that shouldn't be used on modern GPUs. This option is also available through the KSP launcher settings. Whats the difference between the two renderers on the launch screen, directX 11 or GLCore. Motion blur – Motion blur is a graphics setting that provides smoothness and makes the game appear more cinematic. This download provides improved performance for multi-core CPUs and by taking advantage of multi-threading technology, DirectX 11 is able to spread the workload across multiple cores, enabling games to make better use of the available processing power. Permissions and credits. The following cores are compatible with both (some of them might work better with a peculiar driver depending on your gpu though), so they’ll try to use your current driver : duckstation. DX12 is available starting on Windows 10 only. DirectX is a set of components in Windows that allows software, primarily and especially games, to work directly with your video and audio hardware. At launch, DirectX 12 actually showed slightly lower performance than DirectX 11, mainly on the back of its complexity. . 0 using OpenGL, DirectX 11 or OpenGL Core Profile mode. 商务合作请联系：[email protected] enable OpenGL Core on Windows and make it the default, go to Edit > Project Settings > Player to open the Player Settings. What we have here is a perfect scenario for Low Level APIs to strut their stuff, and DirectX 12 totally dominates DirectX 11. 1 + Android Extension Pack on mobiles. It still allows you to perform graphics drawing operations on a variety of hardware implementations. The best option is "probably" forcing directX10 instead of 11. Tessellation. We applaud Intel's efforts and. Synchronization within the functions of a. OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a cross-language, cross-platform application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D vector graphics. Parameters. Vulkan targets high-performance realtime 3D graphics applications such as video games. The API is typically used to interact with a graphics processing unit (GPU), to achieve hardware-accelerated rendering. Of course, running a game in DirectX 12 or Vulkan would work much better. 1 for Windows 8, some mandatory features introduced for level 11_1 are available as optional on levels 10_0, 10_1 and 11_0. DirectX 11 is a high-level API, which means that although it still has access to the GPU and other hardware, it is more removed and only has more generalized. 2 means DX10 cards only. The GDI library dates back to the early 90s and the first versions of Windows. Aligning with the new Windows 11 UI design, we’ve redesigned. Yes, WineD3D might work for most games that run DirectX 10 and 11, but not as many as DXVK, nor as quickly. however that must be for opengl since your gpu is very powerful. One major distinction between DirectX 11 and 12 is hardware support. OpenGL is a free API managed by a non-profit company called Khronos Group, while DirectX is made by Microsoft. DirectX 11 & DirectX 12 control basically the same kind of hardware (although newer features are only being added to DirectX 12 this point like DirectX. Reply. อย่างที่รู้ๆ กันอยู่ว่า DirectX 11 นั้นคือ DirectX ตัวใหม่ล่าสุดที่มาพร้อมกับ Windows 7 เเละ Windows Vista ที่มาพร้อมฟีเจอร์ใหม่หลายๆ อย่างอาทิเช่น Tessellation, Multi-Threading, เเล้วก็. 5. Si puedes prueba el DOOM del. Select ‘glcore’. If you have an AMD card or an AMD APU the. PC games and applications often require a graphics card that is compatible with specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), such as OpenGL*, DirectX*, OpenCL*, or Vulkan*. Unigine Heaven Benchmark 2. DirectX 11, Very High detail settings, Supersampling temporal AA, built-in benchmark, 90-second Fraps. #12. 6fps vs. After all the hype surrounding DirectX 12 and Microsoft espousing the dramatic performance gains, I think we can all agree these numbers are a disappointment. Key Takeaways. by Hilbert Hagedoorn on Nov 18, 2020. Users share their tips and experiences on how to optimize the game performance with DirectX 11, GLCore, or Vulkan. 1 have been back-ported to Win7. This is a complete overhaul to Dying Light 2 based on the original mod for I Am Legion for Dying Light 1 . 6k 19 89 130. -force. 1 Core Profile, you can enable it with this flag:This target level requires at least OpenGL 4. A list of games related to Most Steam Followers. DirectX. You can run Viewport 2. 1. I have an HD7870 2GB Ghz running stock clocks for this game because it runs so smooth. Terrain Rendering is a game technology code sample that demonstrates how to render large-scale terrains in real time by efficiently distributing the tasks between the CPU and the GPU. Rendering is usually the main performance bottleneck of PC games on the CPU; multithreaded rendering is an effective way to eliminate the bottleneck. the RTX 3080 is on it's way. If your hardware is up to it (it is) you should always run DX11 mode. DirectML is a high-performance, hardware-accelerated DirectX 12 library for machine learning. DirectX 11 vs DirectX 12 游戏性能测试对比视频 测试配置为GTX1066+I5-7600K+16G 1080P. OpenGL is more commonly used in scientific and engineering applications. 11. 显卡模式切换很简单，打开逍遥安卓模拟器后，点击右侧菜单栏的设置，找到显卡渲染，即可切换。. 1, Mesh Shaders,. yabasanshiro. The best option is "probably" forcing directX10 instead of 11. DirectX is more commonly used in gaming and multimedia applications. GPU is: GTX1660S. Battlefield V – DirectX 11 vs DirectX 12. ArcBiter. 69 milliseconds. nVidia and AMD only. Aug 14, 2016 @ 5:33am I do hope that more solutions like this will make PCs more inclusive on games. If that is the case, you can return to DirectX 9 and enjoy the game problem free. The Vulkan implementation of Baldur’s Gate 3 is still in Early Access. opengl is slower than directx. . well almost. See the difference in FPS, resolution,. DirectX Pros DirectX Cons; DirectX is a versatile multimedia platform for video game programming and other applications. As for why OpenGL is faster than DirectX/Direct3D, the simple answer is that OpenGL seems to have a smoother, more efficient pipeline. The whole Mantle vs. Both OpenGL and DirectX are APIs. As we discussed OpenGL is a cross-plate from which is the plus point of it. Navigate to Other Settings and un-tick Auto Graphics API for Windows. 1 [Nvidia Fermi and Kepler GPUs of the GeForce 600 series support the Direct3D 11. If it doesn’t meet. DX12 shows a significantly improved resource allocation between threads, while DX11 shows the majority of the work load left to just the primary thread. 1 + Android Extension Pack on mobiles. Ensure that it is configured to use the XMP(Intel)/DOCP(AMD) profile. I have tried using the other render's in some other games however and, I was NOT impressed with the outcome. g. 4-ms 99th-percentile frame time, basically drawing dead-even with the Vega 11 IGP on board the Ryzen 5 2400G. Heist was great, and then Vulkan started crashing as soon as 3. Performance, as well as usage of CPU/GPU in Vulkan, is in a more balanced way in comparison with DirectX collections such as Direct3D 11, Direct3D 12,. - 2021 Volvo S60 Recharge T8 Polestar Engineered - 415hp/495tq 2. SylenThunder said: Yes. Hi all, First time posting here. Windows 7, Windows 8, and Windows 10. , AMD hardware tends to go heavy (sometimes too much. But I dont know why the hell it wont work :´/. However, when the number of CPU cores is greater than two, the DirectX 11 multithreaded rendering performance is significantly better than that of single-threaded rendering, regardless of which GPU is used,. 《心灵杀手2》PC版（1080P、1440P分辨率测试）DX12 vs Vulkan（MOD） 游戏帧数对比 GTX 1080Ti + R5 5600. DX11: DX12: As you can see both DX11 and DX12 can utilize more than 12 threads in this game. So OpenGL was the fastest, DirectX 9 was a close 2nd, and DirectX 11 showed a noticeable performance hit. Availability. Permissions and credits. Oct 16, 2021. Yes use Vulkan if there is an option since AMD hasn't updated their OpenGL implementation in a while. There’s only an advantage if you want to work with the DirectX Übershader for game previs. Verify that direct rendering is enabled. 26 DIC 2020 a las 6:44 Publicado originalmente por. OpenGL. -force-glcore; Click OK, then Close. This target level requires at least OpenGL 4. The GL stands for graphics library. Just add the correct Unity argument to your launcher settings. What is the difference in which Graphics API (DirectX vs OpenGL) I choose to run the Superposition Benchmark? I have a RTX 3070, and my DriectX score is consistently better than my OpenGL score when running the same preset. txt" in the 7DaysToDie_Data directory said the game was using Direct3D 9 (which is the default renderer for Unity unless told otherwise in the standalone player build options). อย่างที่รู้ๆ กันอยู่ว่า DirectX 11 นั้นคือ DirectX ตัวใหม่ล่าสุดที่มาพร้อมกับ Windows 7 เเละ Windows Vista ที่มาพร้อมฟีเจอร์ใหม่หลายๆ อย่างอาทิเช่น Tessellation, Multi-Threading, เเล้วก็. This option is on by default (i. on Windows, your games and editor will try to use DX11, and fall back to DX9 when not available). The Direct3D 11 API for stereoscopic 3-D video unpacks stereo frames into left- and right-eye images. In prior versions of Microsoft Direct3D, you could find out the version of Direct3D the video card implemented, and then program your application accordingly. turbocharged, supercharged and electrified. For example, it first supported the hardware tessellation feature, and then after a while, this feature appeared in Opengl. Probably texture streaming because it tends to happen when a bunch of things are loading at once, like the start of delirium maps when you spawn a bunch of mobs. Secondly, DirectX is better if you can stick only to Windows. OpenGL: 68-104 fps on title screen, 71-82 in-game. 69 milliseconds. Intel Core i5-3570K. OpenGL is also more supported on Linux iirc. I installed 7 Days and heard that it runs better using Proton. Battlefield 1 and Gears of War 4 are good examples. Then I tried setting the renderer to Vulkan and performance was better (maybe a 25-30% bump), but after about 5-10 seconds the whole system freezes and I have to do a hard reboot. The DX11 renderer obviously only works on Windows, while the OpenGL renderer works everywhere (Windows, Mac, Linux). 5 bei einer Auflösung. Since Vulkan is an AMD technology and they (obviously) optimise their drivers for it (and to an extent the hardware) this often means that the same thing using DX11 vs Vulkan on an AMD card sees a significant. Test of APIsDolphin version 5. Should '-dx11', '-dx9', '-opengl' or '-gl' already be present in the command line, make sure the remove the respective entry and replace it by '-vulkan'. The new OpenGL back-end introduces many new features (previously mostly DX11/GLES3 only):. 1万 9. ปรกติ DX จะลื่นกว่านะคับ พึ่งเคยเจอนี่ละ GL ลื่นกว่า - -'. gles. For hardware-rendered cores (Dreamcast or N64, for example), you need to use the same driver as their renderer, as they can't pass their framebuffer to a context created with another driver (e. 6. Adding OpenGLCore to the Graphics APIs for Windows. Yeah, I'm a Linux user, but I still can run it by dxvk/vkd3d or whatever solution, the problem is that you can't do it on mobiles. 1. Una de las diferencias más notables entre los dos es cómo interactúan con su hardware. I found that my Maya would crash on exit on my Windows machine when I had DX enabled so I switched it back to GL. 首先区别下2个模式：. Whether we look at GeForce GTX 1060 6GB or Radeon RX 580 8GB, the average drops compared to DirectX 11 mode. Honestly, just use whatever boots & is stable, for me, that always seems to be DX11. Inicialmente soportaba hasta 4 núcleos, pero se ha ido ampliando. The GL stands for graphics library. In this // example, we just use the standard library. The major new feature of Direct3D 10 was the appearance of Geometry Shaders, which finally made it possible to create or destroy vertices on the GPU. After reaching a certain point in the game, it gets stuck at a. "Full Screen" option in graphics settings must be disabled for this to work. 03/day) Mar 28, 2021. Vulkan is a low-overhead, cross-platform 3D graphics and computing API. I then ran the batch file (which means it's running in DX12) and immediately noticed an FPS drop by an average of 10FPS. In previous versions of Direct3D, low-level tasks like enumeration of. The Editor tries to use the best OpenGL version available and all OpenGL extensions exposed by the OpenGL drivers. But I wouldn’t blame the DirectX 11 for those problems. 玩游戏为什么离不开它们呢？. melonDS. Move to page 9, 10 and 11 for proper performance comparisons. 4. Intel Graphics supports a wide range of APIs. This is cobbled together using criteria similar to that of Nathan's. Vulkan invent some different pipeline: The graphic pipeline and the compute pipeline.